ALL POLICY BRIEF REPORTS

Expert Analysis. Practical Solutions.

Policy Brief

Policy Brief connects expertise with decision makers and their advisers — delivering in-depth specialist advice that is politically informed. Our aim is to support better policy making and outcomes for everyone. Solutions are there — we are here to promote them and support their delivery.

POLICY BRIEF REPORTS

A Trident 2 D5 Missile breaking the surface.
22 Min Read
Dr Charlotte Levy
Timothy Levy
SDR 2025 and the Defence Investment Plan recognise the priorities, but investment is not readiness. Timothy Levy and Dr Charlotte Levy test whether Britain’s programmes add up to an integrated deterrent across five layers: cyberspace, air and missile defence, command and control, conventional forces and nuclear posture. A shock in one layer can spread inward, narrowing the “decision corridor” in which leaders can make controlled choices short of nuclear use. They find a vulnerability gap: legacy capabilities are declining faster than their replacements, crews and doctrine can mature. The MOD should publish a delivery roadmap, make cyber assurance a gateway to integration, match every capability plan to a workforce plan, exercise under compound degradation, and report readiness rather than spending.
London,,United,Kingdom,-,September,09,2026.,British,Prime,Minister
20 Min Read
Stephen Thomas
| Greenwich University
Britain’s three new nuclear projects – Hinkley Point C, Sizewell C and Wylfa – now depend on public money, above all from the National Wealth Fund, which has committed up to £36.6bn to Sizewell C alone: about twice what it can lend to all its other projects. Abandoning all three would save consumers £93–133bn and free the NWF to back renewables, energy storage and the government’s regional and industrial priorities.
UK ARMED FORCES STEPPING UP FOR NATO ACROSS LAND SEA AND AIR
15 Min Read
Paul Cornish
| University of Exeter
The British Army is threadbare and strategically directionless, its credibility eroded by talk of a “first duty” that goes unfunded. Paul Cornish asks what an army is for: taking and holding territory, and deterring aggression by being demonstrably able to do so. He finds a coherent answer in SDR 2025: a force of at least 100,000, two divisions at the heart of a NATO strategic reserve corps, and a “high-low” mix in which technology multiplies rather than replaces mass. Endorsed by the Prime Minister and Defence Secretary, it is the government’s own plan. If the money falls short, ministers must fund it or honestly revise Britain’s commitments, and the Treasury must judge defence spending by what it buys.
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Policy Quarterly and Special Editions

Decision makers and their advisers need fresh perspectives, analysis, and policy ideas to address the issues they’re responsible for. To reach them, we publish the Policy Brief Quarterly journal, alongside Special Editions focused on single policy topics.

Both are delivered by post to named recipients across politics, government, industry and media — bringing some of the most informed, readable policy analysis available today straight to the desks of the people who need it most.

Recent publications

Rescuing Early Years March 2026 COVER IMAGE.1
Rescuing Early Years Education

Special Report on Early Years Education, March 2026

The UK starts formal schooling earlier than nearly nine in ten countries, and our youngest children are paying the price. Rescuing Early Years Education brings leading practitioners and researchers together to make the evidence-based case for change. It covers protecting play, which raises outcomes for all children and especially the disadvantaged; ending top-down pressure on Reception; building a graduate-led workforce; and equipping headteachers to lead the early years well.
Defence Spring Cover image 2026.1
Defending the Realm

Special Report on Defence, Spring 2026

Britain faces its most dangerous security environment in decades, yet its armed forces are hollowed out and its Defence Investment Plan is reported to be £28bn short. Defending the Realm asks how to close the gap between threat and resources, from defence procurement and the future combat aircraft to a hybrid Navy, drone warfare, the Royal Navy’s strategic thinking and UK leadership in Arctic security.

Forthcoming

Defence December 2026.1

The Streeting Review 2027

Defence Policy Brief

Britain has a defence plan it cannot afford. The 2025 Strategic Defence Review was a necessary wish list, but no efficiency drive will fund it, and the promised 3.5 per cent of GDP will not arrive. The Streeting Review argues that the Defence Secretary must own a review that starts from a realistic budget, around 2.7 per cent, and shapes Britain’s commitments to fit it.

That means hard political choices. Ministers must face down vested interests and tell allies what Britain can and cannot do. They must also accept that the ring-fenced cost of renewing the nuclear deterrent will squeeze the rest of the budget. As Sir Michael Quinlan warned, defence planning is not a shopping list sent to the Treasury. One fighting division that can be sustained and reinforced is worth more than two on paper.

It also means getting more from every pound. Doubling the reserves would add deterrent capability at modest cost, drawing on the programme that trained tens of thousands of Ukrainian recruits. So would ships cheap enough to deploy and risk, rather than too precious to lose.

Energy Cover Autumn 2026.1

Green, cheap and smart energy

Energy Special Report, Autumn 2026

Britain can have electricity that is clean, cheap and secure, but only if policy keeps pace with technology. This Special Report brings together leading energy economists and analysts. Green, Cheap and Smart Energy sets out how, and counts the human cost of failure: David Reiner (Judge Business School, Cambridge) confronts the scandal of avoidable winter deaths in the UK.

David Toke shows how collapsing battery costs, driven by the electric vehicle boom, are making renewables-plus-storage the cheapest route to a reliable grid, and why connection queues are holding the UK back. Pete Roche welcomes Ofgem’s first round of long-duration storage support, which nearly triples Britain’s storable electricity, but urges a swift and broader second round.

Emeritus Professor David Newbery argues that onshore HVDC links and sharper locational pricing could carry Scottish wind power south for billions less than costly subsea cables, sparing consumers’ bills. Stephen Thomas charts how the UK’s stop-start nuclear ambitions stalled. He leaves little prospect of new capacity before 2040, even as renewables deliver five times today’s nuclear capacity at lower prices.

LATEST POLICY BRIEFS

Guatemala,City,,Guatemala.,02-05-25.,Usa,Secretary,Of,State,Marco,Rubio
9 Min Read
Andy Sumner
| King’s College, London
Stephan Klingebiel
| German Institute of Development and Sustainability
The OECD’s aid committee turns 70 in 2031, as record aid cuts and a shift from solidarity to self-interest reshape why countries give. Where this leads is still open. Aid could become a genuine partnership, a deal between elites, a tool of geopolitical bargaining or a purely commercial transaction. Each path would change the committee’s role, and with it the future of the 0.7% aid target.
Civil and nuclear pic
6 Min Read
Andy Stirling
| Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), University of Sussex
Phil Johnstone 
| Global Studies, University of Sussex
The government's nuclear deregulation drive rests on assumption, not evidence, never comparing nuclear with cheaper, faster alternatives, downplaying safety risks, and denying trade-offs outright. A less visible driver, they suggest, is military pressure: sustaining Britain's submarine-building base costs over £5 billion a year.
Ed milliband
10 Min Read
Gabriele Alletta
Foreign aid faces a deepening crisis of funding and a continuing failure to set out a convincing public narrative. Tracing its Cold War origins to today's UK retreat from 0.7% leader to a shrinking budget diverted to asylum costs and defence, the piece argues advocates must move beyond moral appeals toward a mutual-interest case: development assistance secures Britain's own stability, markets and influence, not just recipients' welfare.
William III and the City
12 Min Read
James Silverwood
| Leeds Beckett University
Britain's economic difficulties are rooted in a finance-dominated accumulation model stretching back to the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The interventionist period from 1914 to the late 1950s was an interregnum — not a durable alternative — as finance progressively reasserted its dominance beneath the surface of the post-war consensus. Overcoming Britain's persistent productive weaknesses demands more than industrial strategy; it requires a fundamental reconstruction of the state's centuries-old relationship with capital.
Water,Pipeline,To,Hydro-electric,Power,Station,At,Tarraleah,,Tasmania
10 Min Read
Pete Roche
At the end of June 2026, Ofgem's decision on government support for Long Duration Energy Storage backed 16 projects (7.6GW), nearly tripling Britain's storable electricity — but stuck largely to large-scale pumped hydro and lithium-ion batteries. With battery costs falling fast and nuclear growing costlier and more delayed, there is a strong case for even more energy storage using a wider range of emerging technologies and hydrogen in the near future.
Royal Navy F-35B fighters of HMS Prince of Wales intercept a Russian military aircraft
13 Min Read
Matthew Heaslip
| University of Portsmouth
Britain's conventional deterrence has failed. Hostile actors — Russian aircraft and submarines and Iranian drones, street-level subversion — are testing UK resolve with growing confidence. Decades of deferred spending have left the Royal Navy and RAF critically overstretched, with maintenance backlogs meaning only a handful of warships and combat aircraft are operationally ready. The planned uplift to 2.7% of GDP is insufficient. The Treasury seems to have failed to realise that deterrence is cheaper than war; it must recognise that…
Girl,With,Autism,Identification,Necklace
12 Min Read
Jolanta Lasota
| Ambitious for Autism
Seventeen years after the Autism Act, England's autism strategy is due to expire this month with no replacement, autism is increasingly sidelined across education, health and employment reforms. SEND reforms risk narrowing specialist support through standardised "complexity" thresholds, while rising diagnoses are being reframed as overdiagnosis rather than unmet need. Autistic people continue to face high absence, exclusion and unemployment rates, yet their barriers go unrecognised in the Young People and Work Review and Get Britain Working. The article calls…
How the UK should now deploy its overseas aid
15 Min Read
Mikaela Gavas
| Center for Global Development
Sara Casadevall Bellés
| Center for Global Development
The UK's development reset signals a shift toward investment, partnerships and systemic change. But with ODA at its lowest in years, the government must be clear about how aid resources are deployed. Three principles should guide that deployment: matching instruments to context, maintaining a clear link to poverty reduction, and adopting partner-country-led strategies. Applying this discipline is essential if the UK is to retain development credibility.
London,-,July,1:,Hon.,Margaret,Thatcher,,British,Prime,Minister,
9 Min Read
James Silverwood
| Leeds Beckett University
Britain's growth model has relied on "derisking" — using privatisation, outsourcing and PFI to create investable assets for international capital. But the strategy has failed to deliver: productivity has stagnated, real wages have flatlined, and regional inequality remains entrenched. The alternative is an industrial strategy targeting the foundational economy — care, housing, utilities and local services — embedding ownership in communities and prioritising living standards over asset markets.
Roderick Crawford

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At Policy Brief we bring insight and commentary from leading experts to policy makers and opinion formers. We challenge existing views and inform public debate and policy makers with the aim of contributing to improved policy and investment decisions that benefit the whole of society.

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At a time of extraordinary challenge, independent and expert policy analysis and evidence-based solutions have never been more needed. Policy Brief is designed to help meet that challenge.

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From 1992-2012 Roderick Crawford directed Parliamentary Brief with great style and effect.  Policy Brief has the capacity to illuminate the issues in British politics in a decisive way

Lord Bew

Lord Bew is a Crossbench member of the House of Lords. He is a member of Committee A (Sovereign Matters) of the British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly.

Policy Brief offers reliable and carefully researched policy analysis in a marketplace dominated by narrow Westminster interests. In Roderick Crawford clients work with the former editor of Parliamentary Brief and benefit from his expertise on economic policy, social policy, the North, and UK-EU relations. 

Matt Beech

Dr Matt Beech is Director of the Centre for British Politics at the University of Hull and IES Senior Fellow at UC Berkeley.

When I was trying to draw attention to the potential ill-effects of children’s changing lifestyles on their physical and mental health, it was difficult to interest either press or politicians. Roderick Crawford saw the merit in my work and not only gave me a platform but published a series of articles on childhood issues.

Sue Palmer

Sue Palmer, childhood campaigner and author of ‘Toxic Childhood’, ‘21st Century Boys’, ‘21st Century Girls’ and ‘Foundations of Literacy’.

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